This article is dedicated to one of the symbols of Volgograd city, which is the Astrakhanskiy Bridge. We described the history of creation and the technical specifications of the bridge over the Tsaritsa river. After conducting an investigation, some defects in the bridge construction were uncovered. The framework arcs have longitudinal cracks, the protective layer of concrete is destroyed; the longitudinal main reinforcement is exposed and corroded. The protective layer of concrete was removed and the longitudinal main reinforcement was corroded on the longitudinal beams. During operation of the bridge, the defects that decrease load capacity and durability appeared: destruction of the protective layer of concrete on a plate of about 2 square meters. This led to the beginning of corrosion of the lower reinforcement net. Steel brackets, holding the walkway slabs, are heavily corroded; the protective paint coating on them is destroyed over significant lengths. The analysis of detected damage allowed to evaluate their impact on the durability and load capacity of the construction and determine those, who are responsible for its occurrence. It is noted that postponing of repair operations has a negative impact on the state of the bridge.

Keywords: bridge, city symbol, superstructure, roadway plate, defects, arch, bridge system, bearing structures, durability, load capacity

This article describes two types of a design of the substructure of the offshore ice-resistant fixed platform - metal caisson type and reinforced concrete monobasic type in the conditions of emergence of emergency situations are considered. On the basis of calculations the most acceptable material for application in the conditions of emergence of emergency situation is chosen.

Keywords: oil and gas offshore struture, seismic loadings, finite elements method, 3D model, loads and actions

Structurally heterogeneous materials, in particular polycrystalline materials, have wide application in construction and technics. The higher values of local microstress in comparison to the average values of stress lead to the faster exhaustion of bearing capacity and destruction. Therefore, nonuniformity of microstress and microstrain depending on structure, physical and mechanical properties, should be taken in consideration when estimating bearing capacity, especially for the elements of construction with different stress concentrators. On the base of the physico-mechanical model of structurally heterogeneous body stress concentration for small-scale plates , made of polycrystalline materials with hexagonal lattice, with circular holes, at the case of uniaxial stress state, is investigated. It is shown that coefficients of stress concentration depending on anisotropy of elastic properties of polycrystalline materials can take values which considerably differ from values for isotropic body. Physico-mechanical model developed for structurally heterogeneous body allows studying local microstress in the construction elements at various stress states, with different forms and kinds of stress concentrators, which is the subject of the further research

Keywords: stress distribution, structural heterogeneity of the material, polycrystalline metals,microstress and microstrain, stress concentration

The paper describes the sele-dangerous zones of the North Caucasus and Kabardino-Balkaria. More detail marked selevye problems of the river Gerhozhansu - the most dangerous river in the regions of SK. The results of the descent of powerful mudflows along the gerhozhansu river in 2000-2017, which had disastrous consequences for the city of Tyrnyauz, are presented. Made a study of the results of years of research the authors conducted in mudflow dangerous rivers of the CBD. Based on field field field studies in the river basin. Gerhozhansu revealed a self-regulating natural mechanism that forms naturally when the mudflow converges the most suitable profile of the transit section of the channel, which ensures the passage of the maximum possible mudflow at minimum energy costs. According to the results of analytical studies of the causes of destruction and the reliability of the work of existing structures and saleprovides antimud slide protection facilities. Developed and proposed more efficient design and technological solutions in designing mud and saleprovides structures combined structures that are protected by patents for inventions and useful models. In conclusion, the main results of the research carried out in the work are noted.

Keywords: mudflow dangerous areas; debris flows; transit station; cone-removal; mud dam; saleprovides tray; conveying ability; antimud slide protection facilities; effective design

The article is considered the wall stability of a steel cylindrical pre-stressed granary, compressed by the friction forces of grain and shell, taking into consideration the influence of the grain internal pressure, its elastic resistance from the inside and the elastic resistance of the pre-stressed shell outside. In this case, the initial and subcritical deflection of the shell is assumed to be axisymmetric, and the loss of the shell stability occurs with the formation of asymmetric deflection. The given solution of the problem allows to determine the magnitude of the critical efforts taking into consideration the influence of the grain internal pressure, its elastic repulsion, the magnitude of the initial deflections and the ratio of shell dimensions.

Keywords: stability calculation, wall stability, prestressing, internal lateral pressure, elastic rebound, cylindrical granary, grain friction force, load from the roof

The methods of injection fixing the soils of the base under the foundations of cultural heritage are considered. The specific examples show the features of soil consolidation by cementation and silicatization methods. The technological features of soil consolidation, taking into account the material of the foundations and the technical condition of cultural heritage sites are given

Keywords: cementation, silicatization, injector, soil, consolidation, foundation, object of cultural heritage, sediment, subsidence, deformation

TThe article presents an algorithm for determining deflections in wooden beams of rectangular cross-section, taking into account the long load. The calculation algorithm is based on the proposed approach of D. Arleninov to specify the modulus of elasticity of wood, depending on the level of design stresses in tabular form. The aim of the research is to develop a software – oriented algorithm for calculating deflections of wooden beams under long-term loading. The object of study – a wooden beam of rectangular cross-section, located in a single load; the modulus of elasticity of the material varies both in length and height of the beam, depending on the level of design stresses. The algorithm uses the FEM of a mixed method with a variable length modulus of elasticity. The stiffness characteristics of the cross sections are refined during the calculation by a two-stage algorithm. Examples of the calculation of simply supported beams under various conditions of loading. The results of comparison with the experimental data of other authors indicate the correct operation of the proposed algorithm; the discrepancy between the numerical results and the experimental results is in the range from 0,31% to 11,6 %. This algorithm can also be used to clarify deflections and internal forces in flat statically indeterminate rod systems, whose modulus of elasticity varies depending on the acting stresses

Keywords: finite element of the mixed method, variable modulus of elasticity, deflection of wooden beams, long-term loading

The paper reveals the problem and causes of the formation of fetid compounds in the systems of transportation and wastewater treatment. Various methods used at the moment to eliminate and neutralize unpleasant odors, as well as a number of measures to clean the air from fetid compounds are considered. A new method is described to prevent the formation of odors of fetid compounds in wastewater transportation and treatment systems and a device for its implementation using low-intensity cavitation. The scheme of the device for sewage treatment from smells of fetid compounds. The principle of operation of this installation is described.

Keywords: fetid compounds , air purification, biological purification, low-intensity cavitation.

As is known, the oil refining industry with each year significantly adds to the growth and pace of construction of various enterprises. In the processing of crude oil, you must use a variety of equipment and materials. One of such materials is tube furnaces, which are used for the production from petroleum feedstock - motor gasoline and other products (kerosene, gas oil, diesel oil), including raw materials for the chemical industry (ethylene, propane, butane).For a long time, Customers applied directly to the factory to obtain steel structures. With the introduction of the "Safety Rules PB 03-605-03" the situation has changed. The author presents an individual design of CM (metal structures) to a tank filled with a liquid or gaseous substance.

Keywords: oil refining furnaces, metal frame, tube furnaces, oil feedstock, chemical industry, design

The results of the calculation of the hazard class of dust and gas emissions from the dryer of sewage sludge from the sewage treatment plant "Bzugu" in Sochi are presented.

Keywords: sewage sludge, dryers, dust and gas emissions, air pollution assessment

The purpose of the article is the possibility of scientific, methodological and technical justification for the need to develop and conduct construction and technical expertise at the current stage of the construction industry in the design and construction of different types, types, specifics and technical characteristics of the housing facility. The concept of legislative regulation of this area of production in the aspect of mandatory standards and regulations applicable to all construction companies (organizations) is given.

Keywords: Construction, construction objects, forecasts, projects, design, quality management, standards, regulations, legislation, judicial construction and technical expertise, expert

Consider the adaptation of project documentation on the example of "plant for the production of household chemicals LLC" es. Si. Jones.»» The building was commissioned in 1996 and operated until 2017 in accordance with its purpose as a plant for the production of chocolate products. Currently, the technological lines of the plant “Cadbury Schweppes " dismantled. The building is under reconstruction and is being redesigned for the production of household chemicals. In the course of the survey, engineering-geological surveys were carried out, technical inspection of foundations was carried out, inspection of bearing and enclosing structures of the building was carried out, physical and mechanical characteristics of concrete foundations and steel bearing structural elements of the frames of factory buildings were determined. Also, in connection with the change of external and payloads, verification calculations of the frame-bond frame of the plant buildings in the most loaded zones were performed. The performed verification calculations showed that at the time of the survey, the design of the frames of the factory buildings have the necessary safety and stiffness under the action of operational loads.

Keywords: reconstruction, inspection, verification analysis, repair, steel frame production plant of household chemical production building, finished product storage

The issues of evaluation features of reinforced concrete structures of protective shells of the NP-1000 project of nuclear power plants with a the water-water energetic reacto (VVER-1000) during the construction period are considered. The results of measurements of the strength characteristics of concrete, the thickness of the protective layer of reinforcement and the parameters of cracks made in the framework of the instrumental survey are given. The conducted instrumental survey allowed us to obtain fairly complete and reliable information about the parameters of the elements of the protective pressure-tight shell to perform calculations of the stress-strain state of the shell.

Keywords: protective pressure-tight shell, methods of non-destructive testing, deformations, displacements, cracks, strength of concrete

In this paper, the authors present a method for estimating the longitudinal adhesion coefficient of motor vehicles with road covering on approaches to level crossings. A feature of the technique is the possibility of using as input data in assessing the coupling qualities of road pavements, a large number of variables characterizing both moving vehicles and road paving combined with weather and climate factors. A multi-factor assessment of the adhesion coefficient at approaches to level crossings contributes to the improvement of traffic safety at railroad crossings as part of the development of a road maintenance management system

Keywords: adhesion coefficient, level crossing, road maintenance, fuzzy decision tree

This article considers the use of asphalt as the main component of the cold organo-mineral mixture intended for patching of city streets and roads during the off-season. The General characteristics of mixtures and their components are given, the pros and cons, as well as the possibility of their application are given. As a powder emulsifier and activator, it is recommended to use lime-containing waste (calcium oxide hydrate) of the chemical industry.

Keywords: organo-mineral mixture, asphalt granulate, asphalt concrete, road construction, binder, lime-containing waste

This article discusses the history of the development of an adaptive architecture, describes the basic principles of dynamic adaptation and provides a classification of the types of adaptive architecture.

Keywords: facade transformation, dynamic architecture, mobility, modular design, flexible architecture, adaptive architecture

The issue of improving the cost coverage of the construction company is considered. The authors consider the issues of break-even production. The article deals with three main sources of losses of a construction company. Measures to eliminate them are proposed

Keywords: organization of construction; economy of construction, break-even production

The paper summarizes the analysis of a variety of foreign and national scientific publications focused on the topic in question. It explores the opportunities to use modular structures, especially three-dimensional modular units as a part of superstructure for building reconstruction. The point is made that the use of transforming three-dimensional modular units helps considerably reduce transport costs. Despite a number of drawbacks inherent in modular units, the use of three-dimensional counterparts is suggested to be viewed as one of the promising ways of accomplishing energy efficient reconstruction.

Keywords: superstructure, modular structures, three-dimensional units, efficient reconstruction

The problem of reconstruction of architectural structures of Central Asia is studied. The stages and periodization of the ensemble construction are considered. The basic design solutions of buildings are determined

Keywords: organization of construction; economy of construction, history of the construction industry

Beams are structural elements subjected to bending loads transverse to their longitudinal axis. For steel beams, which compressed flange is not laterally restrained, checking loss of overall stability is often authoritative in determining their section. In engineering practice are known various approaches to verify the assurance of the steel beam against lateral-torsional buckling. In this article the attention is focused to the methods and their characteristics, described in actual version of the European standard EN1993-1-1.

Keywords: lateral-torsional buckling, steel beams, critical bending force, FEA

The theory of fractals is applicable for creating the real objects and for constructing the independent elements of the framework or the whole structure of the building. Innovative program was developed to research the shaping of the 3D fractal. The object of the study is 3D Mandelbrot fractal. External structures of various powers of 3D fractal were modeled and researched. New terminology has been developed which can be applied to 3D fractals. The power factor shows the ratio of the work of external forces to the total external. The concept of forming 3D fractal can be used in the design of unique buildings and structures.

Keywords: fractal, fractal geometry, Mandelbrot set, volumetric fractal, fractal structure, finite element method.

In article traffic safety and capacity of bridge crossings is considered. The road accident which happened on the bridge crossing sharply reduces its capacity and, therefore, all road in general. At emergence of danger to the movement in difficult road conditions the driver is compelled to apply the emergency braking. Thus the road accident won't occur when a distance between cars more or is equal to the size of a stopping way. At determination of length of a stopping way of the car at the emergency braking values of sizes of time of delay of operation of the brake drive and time of increase of delay are used.

Keywords: traffic safety, bridge crossing, capacity, stopping way, distance

Radon is universally present in the atmosphere and is the most important natural source of radiation. The highest radon doses relate to staying in buildings. However, the damage from radiation exposure to radon is associated with the progression of lung cancer and the premature death from this disease of people exposed to radiation. The application of the principle of optimization of radiation protection in a radon exposure situation is complicated by the fact that a number of tasks remain ignored.

Keywords: Radon, territory, gas, radiation, emitting, dose, volumetric activity, source, site, protection, premises

The article is devoted to the approach to the development and design of effective dust collectors for the aspiration systems of the construction industry. It was proposed and implemented the study of the particle shape factors that determine the hydrodynamic features of gas flow around dust particles, for example, in the aspiration schemes, which are most spread and applied in the construction industry using the results of complex analysis of variance it this article. It was presented results of implementation hydrodynamic criteria in the output function of the analysis. The values’ meanings of the particle shape factors of the dusts’ particles were gained and obtained at the final stage of experiment. It was obtained regressions for particle shape factors as functions of hydrodynamic criteria. It was proposed dependences to clarify the particle sedimentation-growth velocities taking into account the influence of the particle shape factors of the studied dust samples. It was allowed possibility to assess and obtain ranges of changes in the values’ meanings of particle shape factors. It was obtained more reliable results for determining the sedimentation values’ velocities of dust particle as a determining result of complex analysis of variance of particles also. The research results allow the development and design of dust collecting devices for cleaning emissions in dust removal systems of the aspiration schemes of the construction industry. These dust kinds of collector provides a significant reduction in dust leakage out from dust removal systems of the aspiration. This way become one of the highly effective prevents polluting ways that allows to improve environmental safety of the construction industry.

Keywords: Dust, building material, dust collector, cleaning, leakage, analysis of variance, velocity, sedimentation, criterion, emission, atmosphere, dust removal, aspiration

The problem of the impact of moving cars on the system "road structure – landslide slope"is considered. Adopted spatial continuum computational model. The inertial properties of vehicles and elements of the system "road structure - landslide slope"are taken into account.

Keywords: dynamic model, road construction, landslide slope, finite element method, nonlinear heredity theory, temperature-humidity factor