The lack of information about the conditions for the implementation of transport processes does not allow building mathematical models that operate with extremely accurate input data. Therefore, methods are being developed that formalize input uncertainties for constructing mathematical models of transport processes. To describe uncertainties, along with static, stochastic and interval approaches, methods based on fuzzy sets are actively used. The generalization of the belonging of the element, presented by Zadeh, allowed blurring the boundaries of the set. The blurring of the boundaries of the sets allows one to formalize insufficiently complete, in an informational sense, judgments and facts for the purpose of the subsequent use of this information in the construction of mathematical models. To identify formal approaches to working with uncertainties, an analysis of foreign periodicals in recent years has been carried out and two well-known approaches have been identified. The first is based on the theory of fuzzy sets - the generalized concept of belonging of an element to a set, leading to blurring of the boundaries of the set. The second approach involves describing fuzziness using a hierarchy - a family of ordered crisp sets [1]. Within the framework of the first approach, the authors have identified five ways of formalization. The first includes fuzzy sets (numbers) with different n-gonal forms of the membership function. The second consists of intuitionistic fuzzy sets (numbers) with n-gonal membership functions. The third contains heterogeneous fuzzy sets of type 2. The fourth represents non-standard fuzzy sets (oscillating, Pythagorean, etc.). The fifth method is a combination of spaced fuzzy numbers, intuitionistic spaced fuzzy numbers, and the like. References are given to sources containing a description of formalization methods and their application in solving some fuzzy transport problems, possible directions of research on the considered topics are formulated.

Keywords: fuzzy transport routing problem, optimization, fuzzy methods, fuzzy numbers, fuzzy sets, heuristic algorithms, hybrid algorithms, transport processes

The article discusses an optical vector analyzer with high resolution and high accuracy based on optical double-sideband modulation and stimulated Brillouin scattering. A model of an optical vector analyzer is presented.

Keywords: optical vector analyzer, double-sideband modulation, stimulated Brillouin scattering, fiber Bragg grating with phase shift, simulation, Optisystem

The article deals with building a seasonal model with a linear growth of the Winter’s statistic value, on the basis of which the parameters are calculated: the customs value index and the weighted average rate, which are the composition of the calculation formula of customs payments. To build the model, the monthly data of the customs statistics on imports of 28 commodity group “Products of inorganic chemistry; inorganic or organic compounds of precious metals, rare earth metals, radioactive elements or isotopes” of the Customs Nomenclature of the external economic activity of EAEU from 01.01. 2018 up to 31.12.2020 are used in the region of activity of the Southern Customs Administration.

Keywords: time series, econometric modeling, forecasting, adaptation parameter, seasonality coefficients, adaptive model

a study of a ventilation system with a local recirculating diffuser was carried out. A three-dimensional model of the office space has been built. Using the STAR-CCM + hydrodynamic computing complex, a numerical simulation of the ventilation system has been performed. The calculation results are analyzed, the advantages of the investigated system are given.

Keywords: ventilation systems, local recirculating diffuser, indoor air quality, energy saving, numerical simulation, STAR-CCM +

Based on the Bayes approach, a representative number of experimental measurements was determined when assessing the quality of the environment, in particular, when monitoring the quality of the atmosphere and checking the compliance with the standard for the accumulation of solid municipal waste

Keywords: Bayesian approach, quality control, experimental measurement, a priori data, a posteriori data, distribution density

Reducing energy consumption in the design, installation and operation of engineering networks is implemented in the process of implementing investment construction projects. An energy service contract, like any economic agreement, requires a feasibility study. When strengthening the thermal protection of a building, it is necessary to determine both the design of the fences and translucent structures, and the payback period of the investment. The objective of the research is to develop and analyze a mathematical model of heat losses depending on the characteristics of the resistance to heat transfer of walls, windows and balcony doors. Classical dependencies do not allow applying standard mathematical analysis procedures. It is proposed to use a power function that assumes the availability of differentiation. The paper substantiates the form of such a function and provides an extended analysis of the effect of changes in the resistance to heat transfer of building structures on the transmission heat losses of a building, which allows arguing for the adoption of optimal technical and economic decisions.

Keywords: energy-saving construction project, thermal protection of buildings, indifference curves, mathematical model of heat loss

The paper presents studies of the state of biologically active filtering material - vermicompost in the working area of ​​the aeration station at closed sewage treatment plants with an increased concentration of sulfur dioxide. The assessment of the filtering sorption properties was carried out using bioindication methods, namely, germination of test seeds under conditions of an increased content of sulfur dioxide. The bioindication method is considered fast and accurate, it allows to obtain reproducible results.Oat seeds, wheat seeds - representatives of monocotyledonous plants, as well as radish seeds - a dicotyledonous plant, were used as test seeds, as they are highly sensitive to harmful effects. The experiment took place in four stages with different time intervals. The indicator is the average length of development of the root system in the tested water compared to the control. The results showed that 60% of normal germination was recorded in monocotyledonous seeds, and 90% of normally germinated seeds were recorded in dicotyledons. According to the well-known method, the non-toxic properties of vermicompost was assessed based on the lengths of shoots and seed roots, which can be used as a load in installations for the biochemical purification of gases emitted into the air of the working area from closed wastewater treatment facilities. Such an installation can be a biofilter. Thus, the thickness of the load, the height of each of its constituent layers, affects the degree of its efficiency.

Keywords: sulfur dioxide, bioindication, closed treatment facilities, waste water, test seeds, germination of seeds, vermicompost

The article discusses the work of foreign authors in the field of solving fuzzy distribution (transport) problems. To solve such problems in real conditions, it is rather difficult to formalize all parameters in the form of definite numbers, therefore, the field of solving fuzzy distribution (transport) problems attracts wide attention of scientists and experts, provoking numerous successful studies. To solve distribution (transport) problems, when considering the current state of foreign literature, the main approaches have been identified, consisting in the use of pentagonal, hexagonal, octagonal fuzzy numbers, ranking, intuitive fuzzy environment, as well as the Pythagorean approach. Now it is becoming more and more important to use inaccurate data in real transportation problems. The listed approaches to solving distribution (transport) problems give a certain effect in comparison with the existing ones, therefore it is necessary to investigate solutions of fuzzy distribution problems using modern approaches and methods.

Keywords: fuzzy transport routing problem, optimization, fuzzy methods, fuzzy numbers, heuristic algorithms, hybrid algorithms

The results of the analysis of quality parameters of building materials used for insulation of walls of residential buildings are presented. The problem of increased consumption of thermal energy for heating needs is identified, the solution of which is to increase the thermal characteristics of the enclosing walls of buildings by means of their insulation and protection by the system of a hinged ventilated facade.

Keywords: Hinged ventilated facade, thermal characteristics, influencing factors, energy efficiency

This article describes the methods used to improve the management of construction design; the difference between the traditional and modern method, the problems encountered by the design at the time of execution, their consequences but also the importance of modeling building information and automating design processes as an effective method of improving organizational and technological management processes of designing a residential building.

Keywords: construction design, collaboration, cooperation, coordination, design processes, design managers, improvement, productive, controlling, quality, asynchronous, synchronous

The article describes use of a PDF printout as the complementary source of unique spatial data in addition to the data from interchange format files. Predate methodic already published by author is proposed to be supplied with the original algorithm for automatical spatial alignment of the two vector maps with similar origin and purpose. Some of the existing methods and their drawbacks are briefly mentioned. General description of the method, it's limitations and possibilities are described; algorithmycal solution provided with some schemas. The practical mean of existing technology and it's possible approaches with the use of the new algorithm are pointed out.

Keywords: geographic information system, data integration, vector map, interchange format, PDF, coordinate transformation, spatial alignment, similarity transformation, least squares' method, algorythmic solution

The article provides a comparative analysis of facade systems used in the construction of buildings in Russia and abroad. The features and requirements put forward to modern facades in the context of aesthetic, operational and energy-saving characteristics are examined in detail. Special attention is paid to ventilated and non-ventilated systems. It also analyzes the state and dynamics of the facade materials market in Russia. The features of the application of technological solutions in the design of facades in different countries of the world, such as: Germany, Poland, North America, are indicated. The results obtained led to the conclusion that in the market of facade insulation systems in Europe, stucco facade systems were more widely used. In Russia, more than 50% of the market belongs to ventilated facades. In America, innovative “smart” facades are widely spread.

Keywords: facade, facade system, ventilated facade, plaster facade, technology, materials, building, enclosing structures, exterior walls, maintenance

In the present work optimization of technological process of production of Cabinet furniture at the expense of introduction of system of the automated workplaces (AWP) with application of technology of bar-coding on an example of the concrete enterprise is offered

Keywords: Cabinet furniture, furniture production, automated workplaces, bar-code, bar-coding of details, bar-coding of tasks

Data integration between different geographic information systems can be achieved with the interchange by the open data formats. GIS data of an area spatial type being batch-exported from the interchange files require a waste amount of manual work aimed on exploring each erroneous spatial object for all of it's topology errors. The algorythmic solution for automatic localization of topology errors is proposed, it's novelty and the enhancement potential are described.

Keywords: urban planning, thematic map, geographic information system, ObjectLand, data integration, interchange format, error reason, incorrect polygonal object, planar points' clusterization, K-medoid

The article considers examples of cities with a linear-elongated configuration. Issues of air pollution are considered, examples of components of pollutants coming from stationary and mobile sources are given. Statistical data on human diseases in the Volgograd region for the period 2008-2017 are presented. Considers the issues of monitoring for the city of Volgograd.

Keywords: linear city, highway, pollution, carbon monoxide, monitoring, monitoring posts, disease statistics, combined action, vehicles, noise, gas pollution, health, exhaust gases, length