The necessity to take into account external influences from natural and climatic factors - rain, snow, saline solutions, alternating temperatures, as well as internal influences from the changing parameters of the microclimate of premises, during the operation of buildings is determined. It is shown that the capillary-porous structure of the materials of the enclosing structures (ES) contributes to the development of a number of negative processes as a result of capillary condensation, which reduce the heat-shielding and operational properties of the materials of the ES. The negative changes in the materials of ES due to capillary condensation under the influence of external and internal factors are generalized. The possibilities for reducing the negative influence of capillary condensation due to regulation of the microclimate parameters of the premises are revealed. Directions of hydrophobization of ES materials for protection against capillary condensation at external influences are established.
Keywords: enclosing structure, energy efficiency, heat protection, capillary-porous structure, capillary condensation, natural and climatic factors, microclimate, heat and moisture regime, crack formation, hydrophobization