The paper presents a new approach to assessing the level of contamination with heavy metals of the soil-like fraction from landfills using Monte Carlo simulation using the example of landfills located within the borders of Volgograd.It was found that with a probability of 36.2%, the contamination level of a soil-like fraction from the landfill located in the Voroshilovsky district will correspond to moderately hazardous, and with a probability of 63.8%, hazardous. It is economically justified to isolate a soil-like fraction with a low level of pollution to detoxify it and further use it in the territory reclamation. For a soil-like fraction from landfill located in the Traktorozavodsky district, the pollution level was determined as extremely hazardous and hazardous with a probability of 87.1% and 3.1%, respectively. It is shown that a useful and usable part cannot be isolated from a soil-like fraction. A soil-like fraction must be neutralized and placed at waste disposal facilities.The presented approach is a useful instrument for pollution level assessment of a soil-like fraction, which can increase the accuracy of an estimate and the management effectiveness of a soil-like fraction during landfill development.

Keywords: landfill, soil-like fraction, heavy metals, pollution level, Monte Carlo method, modeling

Currently, crop production faces such problems as a decrease in soil quality, untimely detection of weeds, pests and diseases of cultivated crops, irrational use of fertilizers, pesticides, and water resources. This leads to an increase in production costs due to overspending of resources (fertilizers, pesticides, and water) and a shortage of crops due to inefficient decision-making in conditions of limited information, which causes the need for the introduction of innovative intellectual solutions in the cultivation of crops. Internet of Things (IoT) technologies have significant potential for a solution to the above problem. However, to date, these technologies have not been widely used, even in countries with a high level of information and communication technology development. The purpose is to identify the factors limiting the development of the Internet of Things in crop production and to determine ways to solve the identified problems. It is shown that the limiting factor in the development of the Internet of Things in crop production is the need to install a significant number of heterogeneous sensors, the lack of Internet and mobile communications in remote areas, as well as, in some cases, the problem of organizing effective data transfer from sensors to platforms for storage, processing, and analysis, or commands in the opposite direction to actuators. In crop production, an Internet of Things technology can be realized through the use of unmanned aerial vehicles as an IoT device and as communication technologies.

Keywords: Internet of Things, structure, informational management system, unmanned aerial vehicle, crop production