Finding of small concentrations of various gases as an important task for the environment and for the industry. In this paper, investigated gas-sensitive properties of the films of graphene on silicon carbide to NO2 and vapour C2H5OH. The principle of operation of graphene sensor based on the change of electrical conductivity by reason of adsorption of gas molecules. Temperature dependence of the gas desorption from the surface of graphene is obtained. Mode of getting graphene films with the best gas sensing characteristics is defined. The obtained  results suggest that graphene is a promising material for gas-sensitive sensors  

Keywords: graphene, graphene films on silicon carbide, gas sensor, gas-sensitive of graphene

The problems of mm propagation: rain attenuation,  depolarization and gaseous absorption are considered, and the estimate of the energy potential of wireless mobile data transport networks is given. The dependence on the output power of the distance and the total losses, and the necessary signal levels for different types of modulation being shown.  The estimate of the interfering transmitters effect of side lobes of the antenna is given.  

Keywords: radio wave propagation, mm range, energy potential, rain clutter, side lobes, polar pattern

The article provides an overview of foreign standards : LEED, BREEAM, DGNB, and their comparative analysis . In analyzing the selection criteria of a standard for certification of buildings in Russia , as well as examples of the first objects that are certified according to international standards . American LEED, BREEAM British and German DGNB standards formed the basis for the formation of Russian Green Building standards . In addition, take into account the requirements of Russian standards GOST standards , building codes and other regulations in force in Russia .

Keywords: ecological construction, architecture SCP, certification, standards for green building, green building

At the present stage, energy-efficient construction is one of the important issues included in the legislation in most countries. One of the promising ways of lowering thermal energy demand for heating is to reduce heat losses with air exchange in buildings, which accounts for over 60% of heat loss.
Civilizational development of the society is only possible with the decrease in specific energy consumption and economical use of heat. The article discusses the main methods to improve energy performance of buildings under construction and operation. It also addressed issues of investment in energy efficiency projects. The article substantiates the effectiveness of the combined extract and input ventilation with heat recovery of vented emissions in Rostov- on-Don.  

Keywords: energy conservation, improvement of the energy efficiency, efficiency assessment, investment, energy-saving measures.

The peculiarities of modification of silicon’s surface structure by the electric disintegration were researched. It was established that the electric disintegration of sensitive layer’s surface increases its effective area and the density of surface state. It also forms the deep energy levels in the forbidden zone of the semiconductor which are conditioned by atoms of the electrode’s material and by dislocation. In total it makes possible to modify the sensitivity and selectivity of gas sensors.

Keywords: modification of surface, sensitive layer, gas sensor, electric disintegration

  The article analyzes the structure of automated environmental monitoring in Russia and proposed the concept of setting up such a system in the city with advanced industrial and transport infrastructure.

Keywords: Automated systems for environmental monitoring

The establishment of automated air monitoring systems is a promising way of the air monitoring devices development. The comparative analysis of literature has shown that thin films based on semiconductor metal oxides are effective and widely used material for air monitoring systems creation. In order to create effective and more sensitive sensors it is important to research processes that occur on the surface of the gas sensitive material when it contacts with different substances. The processes that proceed on the surface of gas sensitive material based on SiO2SnOxCuOy during the interaction with molecules of nitrogen dioxide. Quantum chemical calculations have shown that there are three possible mechanisms of interaction between the molecules of nitrogen dioxide with a surface of gas sensitive material.

Keywords: multitouch system of the monitoring, gas-sensitive material, molecules of dioxide of nitrogen

  The problem of air quality control is relevant at the present time. There are a lot of different devices and methods of air monitoring. The promising devices for air monitoring are automated air monitoring systems functioning in real time regime. The basic part of such system is a chemical gas sensor. Gas sensors can be combined into the arrays or so called multisensory systems to increase their effectiveness. Sensor arrays using semiconductor sensors based on SiO2CuOx, SiO2SnOxCuOy, SnOxZrOy, silver-polyacrylonitrile thin films made at department of chemistry and ecology have been investigated in this work. As a result of sensors signals processing gas recognition technique has been developed. The recognition of ammonia, nitrogen dioxide, chlorine has been made.

Keywords: monitoring, massifs of sensors, semiconductor sensors of gases

  This paper is devoted to development of gas sensors air control. It is shown that copper oxides are the promising materials for high sensitive sensors. The CuOx film material was syntheses by means of citrate sol-gel technique. The sensors fabricated on the basis of CuOx film material were sensitive to ammonia gas in the range of 25-150 ppm. Working temperature was determined as 180 °C. Such sensors can be used for work area air control of industrial enterprises.

Keywords: gas-sensitive element, atmospheric air, sensors, copper oxides

  Stability of sensors on the basis of inorganic oxide materials is one of the primary goals by working out of atmospheric air control devices. In this work long-term stability of a sensor response on the basis of the SiO2SnOxCuOy material to carbon oxide (II) exposure in a range of concentration 1-100 ppm is studied. It is shown that the sensor response differs high stability and reproducibility. Continuous heating within 21 days to working temperature (350°С) influence its value negligibly.

Keywords: stability of a response, sensor, carbon oxide, material of structure of SiO2SnOxCuOy.

  We have investigated electrical and gas sensitive properties of gas sensor based on carbon nanotubes (CNT) and carbon nanotubes modified by metal oxides (such as tin oxide and silicon oxide).  Also we  have find out that modification of  CNT by  metal oxides helps to  improve film`s adhesion to substrate, decrease electrical resistance, recovery time, working temperature , enhance gas sensitivity in comparison with sensitive elements based  only on CNT or metal oxides. Moreover experimental results showed that properties of composite material depend on concentration correlation of solutions. As a result we can get highest sensitivity of sensor element by choosing optimal relation between concentrations of solutions.

Keywords: Сarbon nanotubes, modification, tin oxide, silicon oxide, gas sensor

  In city system of environmental monitoring works on collecting data on production wastes and consumption of the enterprises of Taganrog are performed. The system includes three sections: quantity and types of a waste; data on places of long storage of a waste; data on the enterprises and technologies of processing of a waste. The scheme of management, maintaining and processing of base of ecological data is provided. Types of the analysis of collected data are considered. 

Keywords: Production wastes and consumption, monitoring of a waste, municipal control system of a waste, scheme of management of a database

Information about authors of issue №4 (2013)

Keywords: authors

In the present workwas carried outmodeling of self-assembly of conductive polymer materials for hybridsensor systems for example polyacrylonitrile with silver metallic inclusions. Implementation of modeling was performed by the Wang-Landau and entropic Monte Carlo simulation based on a model with a fixed valence angle. For modeling polymerization process using an algorithm based on the principles of irreversible aggregation of Eden.Methods of quantum chemistry has been investigated and the possibility of obtaining the silver property PAN, as there doxpolymer.

Keywords: Hybrid sensor systems polyconjugated functional conductive polymers, metal-organic polymer composites, the energy of the Hartree-Focksemi conductor gas sensitive materials, mathematical modeling, Monte Carlo, quantum-chemical calculations

  Results of researches of gas sensitive properties of zinc oxide films grown by reactive rf magnetron sputtering was shown. Process parameters, affected on the gas-sensitive ratio, response time, recovery time and the type of electrical conductivity of obtained films were identified. Optimal modes of magnetron sputtering of zinc oxide for implementing gas sensors (RF sputtering Zn target in a gas mixture of oxygen and argon at a concentration of 80% oxygen, a chamber pressure of 0.8 Pa and the magnetron power 100 W) were established. Avarage response time on NO2 gas was 5-15 sec.  The obtained values ​​of the gas-sensitivity were in the range 30-67% for NO2 concentrations from 20 to 100 ppm, CO and CO2 from 50 to 100 ppm and 81-97% for higher gas concentrations from 500 to 1000 ppm.  

Keywords: Nanotechnology, magnetron sputtering, zinc oxide, thin films, gas sensitivity