The paper summarizes the analysis of a variety of foreign and national scientific publications focused on the topic in question. It explores the opportunities to use modular structures, especially three-dimensional modular units as a part of superstructure for building reconstruction. The point is made that the use of transforming three-dimensional modular units helps considerably reduce transport costs. Despite a number of drawbacks inherent in modular units, the use of three-dimensional counterparts is suggested to be viewed as one of the promising ways of accomplishing energy efficient reconstruction.

Keywords: superstructure, modular structures, three-dimensional units, efficient reconstruction

The purpose of this paper is to identify to main areas of application of fibrous concrete based on the overview of foreign scientific works published over the last year. It is found that the studies are mainly focused on possible applications of fibrous concrete that are aimed at strengthening brick, concrete and wooden structural elements as part of building reconstruction. Part of the studies discusses the issue of recycling construction waste, especially glass and concrete, and using it to produce fibrous concrete. This approach allows maintaining the environmental balance, as the issues of industrial waste disposal remain topical for all countries of the world.

Keywords: Application of fibrous concrete, recycling of construction waste, environmental conservation

The paper discusses the contemporary technologies for making glass envelopes by way of planar glazing as part of reconstruction of buildings and facilities. It is highlighted that polyvalent multi-layer external walls are considered by many scientists as a mechanism for improving energy efficiency of façade systems. Based on the analysis of the research literature, the authors also note that spider glazing is optimal for two-layered glass envelopes, as it is suitable for use as part of reconstruction of frame and frameless buildings. Adaptive façade systems are suggested to be arranged with the use of brackets having a telescopic glass holder.

Keywords: energy efficiency, reconstruction, glass envelops, adaptive buildings, translucent façade, spider glazing, glass holder

The paper offers a brief overview of existing 3D printers. Some of them are described in the process of printing out specific real properties. The point is made that the adoption of additive technologies opens up a new era of industrialization in the construction sector. The paper discusses some conventional indicators, which can be used as well to assess the efficiency and environmental safety of additive construction technologies.

Keywords: construction 3D printer, additive technologies, efficiency and environmental safety indicators

The paper brings to the fore the prospects of using 3D printers in construction. Some of them are described in the context of resemblance to modern construction mechanisms. Additive construction technologies are reported to be currently used for adding on structural elements in low-rise and medium-rise buildings. At the same time, the authors argue that all theoretical prerequisites are in place for making multifunctional construction equipment, combining the functional capabilities of modern tower cranes and stationary concrete pumps, to put additive technologies into practice

Keywords: construction 3D printer, multifunctional construction equipment, additive technologies for construction of high-rise buildings

The paper underlines the need for use of composite and nano-materials in place of natural materials, which is explained by depletion of global resources and increasing environmental pollution. This is why the focus is currently shifting toward the use of a composite material – porous artificial wood (PID-IV) – developed by the Irkutsk State University for making framework systems required to strengthen rectangular structural elements of buildings and structures. The framework system in question has a deck made of PID-IV. Further, the structural test was carried out in line with the effective regulatory documents, and the use of the suggested framework system was substantiated.

Keywords: composite material, porous artificial wood, formwork deck, design, structural test

The purpose of this article is to identify shortcomings in the construction of prefabricated buildings and structures on the basis of an analysis of a number of scientific publications of domestic and foreign scientists. Since not only buildings, but also structures can be prefabricated, it is proposed to use the term "fast erectable building systems" (BSS). It is noted that, despite the great advantages of the FSU, at the current stage of development they do not fully meet the requirements of reliability, energy efficiency, rationality and comfort, suitability for operation under any climatic conditions.

Keywords: prefabricated building, view, technology, field of application, dignity, defect

The subject matter of this paper is glass units as an element of glazing of modern translucent façades. The paper reviews the main characteristics of single-pane and double-pane glass units and the specific features of frames made of various materials. It also discusses innovative materials which can be used for manufacturing frames. It was found that, despite the increasingly broad use of spider glazing in place of structural glazing, the structural technology, in combination with glass units, is entering a new stage of development and is set to remain as part of the modern architecture for a long time ahead.

Keywords: glass unit, translucent façade, structural glazing, spider glazing, energy efficiency, sound proofing, profile, frame

The paper discusses the importance of reconstruction of the existing buildings and structures as energy efficient premises. It highlights that, despite the tendency to demolish residential facilities built in the second half of the twentieth century, in many cities (not only in Russia) these premises are still in demand on the real property market. Because one of the principles of making energy efficient buildings through their reconstruction is to increase the thickness of enclosing structures the paper suggests using composite foam (PENOCOM®) as a certified composite thermal insulation material. The paper sets out the main characteristics of composite foam and provides a summary description of the technology to increase wall thickness with the use of composite foam.

Keywords: energy efficient building, reconstruction, enclosing structures, thermal insulation material, composite foam, technology to increase wall thickness

The article discusses the possibilities of using forklift trucks (stacker-reach trucks) for mechanized installation of dividing walls, when cast-in-place slabs are assembled or manufactured. It is emphasized that in the early 1980s similar equipment that didn’t have a series production, was used in the construction of buildings by the lift-slab method. Some technical characteristics of the old equipment and modern warehouse equipment are compared, the advantages of the modern are revealed. It is noted that the simultaneous use of warehouse equipment on several floors of the erected frame building can lead to a significant reduction in the construction time. It is also indicated that the stacker-reach trucks used at the construction site are multifunctional, since they can not only transport construction cargo but also serve as an auxiliary equipment for safe work at a certain altitude when performing welding operations and fixing joints.

Keywords: precast and cast-in-situ frame building, mechanized installation of dividing walls, remote site, forklift truck, stacker-reach truck, working site

Summarizing the research focused on the studies of national and foreign scientists, this paper provides a brief analysis of the current situation in the area of greenfield construction and reconstruction of buildings as energy-efficient alternatives. It was found that buildings made in other climatic zones in line with the German standards do not meet the applicable energy efficiency requirements. Also, it is pointed out that the energy efficiency concept is always coupled with the idea of environmental safety of materials utilized, reduction of economic costs of construction and installation and energy security. The authors hold the view that energy efficient reconstruction of buildings and structures built in the second half of the 20th century (so called «stripped houses») can be accomplished through increasing the thickness of exterior walls with the use of innovative lightweight thermal insulation materials that enable building without underpinning and soil stabilization.

Keywords: energy-efficient building, passive house, heat shield performance, energy-efficient reconstruction, challenges and solutions, materials utilized

The paper highlights the relevance of the topic and provides an overview of the existing slope stabilization technologies that have gained widespread use, including composite material technologies: composite piles systems and Geocomposite soil reinforcement, the latter being the injection method for improving the bearing capacity of weak soils. The paper summarizes the benefits associated with the use of composite materials and explores the experience of using worn tires to build retaining walls. In particular, two options are described: with stepwise and vertically arranged tires. Building on the existing experience of soil stabilization with geogrids, a new technology is proposed to stabilize slopes using halves of worn tires. The paper also describes the technology for consolidation of tires and securing them against native soil. The theoretic importance of the paper can be seen in improving the slope stabilization technology, and its practical relevance is associated with its application in construction, reconstruction, repair of buildings, structures and linear works (motor and railroads, oil and gas pipelines, other utility lines) built on slopes or in landslide areas..

Keywords: slopes, soils, reinforcement, stabilization, geogrids, worn tires, retaining walls, resolving environmental issues.

The paper summarizes the most common trenchless technologies among the variety of pipeline reconstruction methods which are implemented without destroying old pipelines. It demonstrates the key benefits of the methods under review as well as their principal deficiency. The significance of these technologies, according to the author, is associated with environmental safety and economic efficiency they assure for construction works performed under unstable soil conditions as part of dense urban development. Special attention is given to such relining methods as Swagelining, Upex, Rolldawn, and U-Liners, and more light is shed on innovative technologies, such as GFK-liner (Germany) and Insituform (Great Britain). It is emphasized that the pipeline relining methods discussed in the paper, along with their undisputable strengths, have certain deficiencies, primarily related to a decreased throughput capacity of pipelines. This is why the need for use of nano and composite materials to line the inner space of a reconstructed pipeline should be made a priority.

Keywords: pipeline, relining, technology, method, fiberglass sleeve, polyethylene pipe, sliplining, pushing, composite material, environmental safety

This part of the paper focuses on individual areas of survey of trenchless technologies for renovation of pipeline systems. It underlines the relevance of the technology and maintains that the choice of any specific work method should be based on economic as well as environmental and technological criteria. It describes certain performance techniques and deals more closely with the pipeline replacement methods featuring hydraulic rod-type destroyer, pneumatic splitter, and rope winch. It is noted that the technologies in question help save material and labor resources and reduce economic costs through optimized timelines and earthwork scopes. Also, trenchless technologies, despite their technological constructability and environmental friendliness are shown to require further improvement in order to minimize adverse impacts on the lithosphere and atmosphere.

Keywords: pipeline, renovation, technology, method, replacement, rod-type destroyer, pneumatic splitter, rope winch, benefits, environmental safety

This article discusses the current state of the housing stock in Russia and the need for reconstruction of buildings and structures. One option for recovery of energy efficiency or increasing energy savings of buildings proposed modernization of buildings under the passive house, taking into account the development and implementation of Russian standards.

Keywords: housing, reconstruction problems, obsolescence, energy saving, passive house