The concept of the Internet of Things (IoT) was introduced by Kevin Ashton at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology in 1998. The vision of the concept is that objects, “things”, embrace each other and, therefore, see IoT, in which each object has its own individual volume identity and can interact with other objects. Internet objects can make a big difference in size from small to very large. The Internet of Things is turning into ordinary products such as cars, buildings, and machines into smart devices, connected objects that can communicate with people, applications, and others with devices. In the article, we observe the widespread use of the Internet in large cities and its impact on various industries. The paper discusses the security threat of the Internet of Things, resulting in security recommendations.

Keywords: IoT, NB-IoT, security, security threats, Cybercrime, Computer security

Blockchain technology has been adopted in various fields, primarily in finance, through the use of cryptocurrencies. However, this technology is also useful in cyber security. This article discusses various Blockchain methodologies for the cybersecurity sector proposed by various researchers. This study showed that most researchers are focused on using Blockchain to secure IoT devices, networks and data. This paper looked at the strategies used by earlier researchers to secure three problematic IT areas using Blockchain. The main conclusion of the study was to ensure the integration and uniformity of solutions so that future researchers focus on a single Blockchain to create cybersecurity applications.

Keywords: blockchain, Internet of things, IoT, cyber security, computer security

The article presents the development trends of prefabricated-monolithic frame systems (PMFS) in the countries of East Asia, mainly China and Japan. The presented PMFS have different features in comparison with technologies used in European countries and the USA, which are dictated by several factors: geographical features, high population density and uneven distribution in the territory, the continuing need accelerate of construction rates. Based on the analysis results of open information sources there were singled out 4 bearing framework formation systems , actively used by the large construction companies. The presented systems combine structural and technological solutions of modular, hybrid and prefabricated-monolithic construction. The use of bearing structures joints which makes it possible to erect buildings with a high class seismic resistance at a significant number of storeys is considered in detail. In the conclusion, the main features of the Asian PMFS, which have no analogues among the other systems, have been summarized. The results obtained can be used as basis for further larger and more effective development of the civil prefabricated-monolithic buildings.

Keywords: civil construction, prefabricated-monolithic construction, modular, hybrid, structural parameters, load-bearing structures, analysis, comparison, advantages, disadvantages

The article considers the possibility of replacing a monolithic frame with a precast-monolithic frame during the construction of a residential apartment building. The variety of structural systems erected in the Russian Federation for residential and public buildings is given. The positive and negative aspects of each of the proposed methods are considered. An economic justification for replacing a monolithic frame with a precast-monolithic one is given. Based on the results obtained, conclusions were drawn about the effectiveness of the use of prefabricated monolithic systems for the construction of civil buildings.

Keywords: construction, construction technology, monolithic frame, prefabricated monolithic frame, prefabricated structures, construction period, construction cost

The unique building of the Center for Science and Art is modeled as a variant of the complex development of the territory of the old hippodrome in Rostov-on-Don. The analysis of the formation of vertical external communication parametric structures for a spherical object is performed. Based on the results of the consideration of ten forms, a rational form of "Turban" was determined, which retains a constant comfortable slope, and in emergency situations can go into autonomous mode while maintaining the rigidity of the structure. Visualization of the object's integration into the urban environment was carried out in Rhino 3D using the Grasshopper visual programming language program. By combining specialized years, modeling of roads and the volumetric geometry of buildings, the object of study, zoning and reading information from the surrounding area was carried out. The resulting model allows us to evaluate the aesthetics and comfort of the urban environment in the case of construction of a new facility.

Keywords: unique buildings, modeling, parametric architecture, urban environment, grasshopper

The method of drawing up a project for the conservation of fuel oil facilities related to hazardous production facilities (HIF) is discussed. An algorithm for the development of a real project for the conservation of structures equipped with technical devices, which are hazardous production facilities in the field of operation of explosive and chemically hazardous production facilities, is given. The article was written on the basis of the completed research work No. 21-216.

Keywords: oil production, conservation project, industrial safety expertise, buildings and structures, technical devices, building structures

The article discusses the geological aspects of the existing and designed anti-landslide protection system of the central part of the Karasan landslide on the Crimean peninsula, where the reconstructed Oryol boarding house is located.

Keywords: landslide, anti-landslide protection system, pile protection wall, retaining wall, Crimea, reconstruction, bored piles

The article substantiates the effectiveness of the design and construction of terraced houses for building slopes as a solution to the problem of a limited amount of land and preserving the originality of national architecture. Architectural and planning solutions for terraced-blocked residential buildings for construction on the territory of the Kabardino-Balkarian Republic are proposed.

Keywords: Residential building, terraced building, complex relief, architectural appearance, block house, social need, national architecture

The article considers the composition and procedure for conducting construction and technical studies to determine the quality of enclosing structures in the framework of judicial construction and technical expertise. Currently, a significant part of the court's questions when appointing a construction and technical expertise, one way or another, relate to the quality of individual structures or the building as a whole.

Keywords: forensic construction and technical expertise, technical condition, quality of building structures, non-destructive testing, destructive testing, visual inspection

The results of studies of the influence of various hardening conditions, incl. simulating conditions in the center of massive monolithic structures, for compressive and tensile strength, initial modulus of elasticity, hardening kinetics of self-compacting concrete of classes from B25 to B55. A classification of concretes according to the hardening kinetics is proposed, using as a criterion the time to reach a certain level from the design compressive strength under normal hardening conditions. The invariance of the dependence of the initial modulus of elasticity of the investigated concretes on the compressive strength on the age and type of concrete is established. A certain difference between the dependence "initial modulus of elasticity - ultimate compressive strength" and a lag in the rate of increase in tensile strength from the rate of increase in compressive strength of the studied concretes in the early period of hardening relative to traditional concretes of vibration compaction were revealed. It is shown that in the early period of hardening the studied concretes are characterized by a higher level of the conditional crack resistance criterion E0/Rt, which indicates to a certain extent a higher fragility of the studied concretes in this period.

Keywords: self-compacting concrete, compressive and tensile strength, hardening kinetics, modulus of elasticity, crack resistance criterion

The article presents the results of experimental studies. The optimal time of dispersion of the mixing water together with the nano-additive has been determined. The results of experiments to determine the effect of carbon nanotubes and plasticizer on fine-grained concrete are also presented. Strength characteristics were determined for the studied compositions. Based on the data obtained, the effect of the dispersion time was determined, as well as the effect of the combined use of the SikaVC 5-500 plasticizer and carbon nanotubes "Taunit-M".

Keywords: fine-grained concrete, carbon nanotubes, ultrasonic dispersion, plasticizer

In the Russian Federation, there are settlements that can only be reached by special equipment: swamp walkers, SUVs. Permanent access to such settlements is hindered by swamps, rivers, etc. Temporary winter roads "autozymniki" are laid to such settlements in winter. The construction of "autozymers" includes several stages: the preparatory stage, the main stage of construction, operation of the autozymer and disposal. If a temporary winter road passes through swamps, then it is advisable to push such soils with tractors with widened tracks or tracked tractors. The article proposes the design of a articulated pneumatic roller for the construction of winter highways, and also carried out a design calculation including: calculation of resistance to movement, hydraulic calculation, selection of hydraulic equipment.

Keywords: winter road, machinery, automobile winter road, pneumatic roller, washing of swampy grounds, calculation

the article deals with the issues of anchoring external composite reinforcement. The advantages of one of the reinforcement options are described - with the help of anchor harnesses. The procedure for performing work when reinforcing with anchor harnesses is presented. Also presented is a method for calculating pull-out anchors made of carbon fibers.

Keywords: reinforced concrete, concrete, composite materials, carbon fiber, reinforcement, external reinforcement, composite anchor

The construction of a Polar gas turbine power plant is carried out on permafrost soils. Features of the construction of reinforced concrete structures of foundations and other elements in the permafrost zone implies high requirements for strength, density and frost resistance. A new composition of the concrete mixture with improved physical and mechanical properties is proposed. Superplasticizing additives and production waste are used in the composition of the concrete mixture.

Keywords: foundation, permafrost, borehole piles, superplasticizer, sulfuric acid sludge, concrete mix, strength, frost resistance

The influence of redispersible polymer powders on the change in the properties of building mortars after holding at high temperature in accordance with GOST R 56387-2018 has been studied. An increase in the compressive strength by 10 – 15% was revealed at a dosage of RPP 2 – 3%. It was found that the introduction of an air-entrapping admixture into the composition has a negligible, up to 5%, negative effect on increasing the compressive strength. The increase in the flexural strength after holding at high temperature was 1.5 – 1.8 times. The decrease in the E-modulus practically does not depend on the dosage of RPP. After holding at high temperature, the E-modulus was 0.8 – 0.84 relative to normal hardening conditions. A decrease in the adhesion strength to the concrete base to values of 0.39 – 0.71 relative to normal hardening conditions was revealed. It is noted that the decrease in adhesion strength significantly depends on prescription factors, with the exception of formulations containing an air-entrapping additive, in which there is practically no decrease in adhesion strength after holding at high temperature.

Keywords: redispersible polymer powders, adhesion strength, E-modulus, compressive and flexural strength, high temperature

Results of research of waste ash-and-slag mixture being a waste product of thermal power plants are presented. Effectiveness of its use as a mineral component of a complex organic-mineral additive is shown. Methodology of mathematical modeling and optimization of properties of concrete modified by complex organomineral additive allowing to reduce cement consumption by 20% without loss of concrete strength is presented.

Keywords: оrganomineral additives, industrial waste, mathematical modelling, cement saving

The article discusses solutions to eliminate obsolescence of the Abakan Hotel, while preserving the historical appearance of the building. The main distinguishing features of the architectural image of the hotel are considered, examples of eliminating moral (functional wear) are given: replacement of wooden floors with monolithic reinforced concrete, arrangement of cores, creation of a frame frame in a docked block, creation of a basement floor instead of existing floors on the ground. Objects with the use of similar design solutions are considered. A variant of reconstruction with an attic floor superstructure is proposed.

Keywords: reconstruction, strengthening, Stalin's Empire style, attic floor, preservation of the architectural appearance, seismic impact

The article proposes new compositions of a fast-hardening concrete mixture using Portland cement, fine and coarse aggregates, basalt fiber, a complex modifying additive including acetone-formaldehyde resins and magnesium chloride (bischofite). The results of scientific and experimental studies are presented and the influence of the proposed additives on the formation of the structure, rheological and physico-mechanical properties of fast-hardening concrete is determined. Analysis of the test results showed that the proposed formulations, including a complex additive and basalt fiber, contributed to a decrease in the water-cement ratio, increased mobility of the mixture and increased strength of hardened concrete in the early and final hardening periods.

Keywords: concretes, oil and gas storage, modifying additives, fiber, mobility, setting time, strength

Еxpedition studies were conducted in order to take samples in the components of elementary landscapes - precipitation (snow), surface waters, roadside dust, soil, bottom sediments and sediments at the water's edge along the route of Shakhty (Eastern Donbass) – Margaritovo village (coast of Taganrog Bay) in the Rostov region. In the selected samples, the mass concentration of oil products (OP) was determined, the analysis of which showed that road dust and snow are one of the sources of soil pollution, surface water and bottom sediments. The following sequence of oil product content levels has been revealed as they decrease: road dust → soil → sediments at the water's edge → bottom sediments → snow → surface water, which persists at almost all but one station. The content of oil products in the soils of the region should be estimated as varying from acceptable to average, while the surface waters contained this pollutant in concentrations below the MPC for the waters of fish farms.

Keywords: elementary, landscape, natural components, oil products, Rostov region, road dust, soil, bottom sediments, snow, surface water

The article provides a brief analysis of the processes that occur when starting an electric motor. Mathematical relations modeling the process of starting a direct current motor are presented. Graphical dependences allowing to determine parameters of a thermistor providing an optimum start-up of a direct current machine have been obtained.

Keywords: starting current, thermistor, starting rheostat, thermal characteristic, DC motor, boundary conditions, torque resistance, idealized rheostat, heat loss, economical starting

The article discusses the features of pipeline construction in permafrost conditions. Classical technical methods of design and construction are economically unprofitable. It is necessary to introduce new design solutions that can significantly reduce the anthropogenic impact of the pipeline on permafrost soil with a minimum of construction and subsequent operation costs.

Keywords: pipelines, permafrost, special supports, thermal insulation of the pipeline, thermal stabilization

In industrial production, stacker loaders used for loading and transporting goods packed on pallets are quite widely used in warehouse work. Basically, when performing a loading and transport technological operation, the functionality of the stacker is sufficient. When an obstacle appears or pallets are stacked, additional maneuverability is required, as a result of which the overall performance of the loader is lost. As a result of the conducted research, it was found that when bypassing obstacles and laying pallets, the time spent on maneuvering the chassis is up to 13%, while the utilization factor of the loader-stacker in terms of productivity is 0.7. Numerical modeling of the positioning process of the load-handling body of the loading and transport unit was carried out, on this basis, the design of a loader-stacker with expanded functionality was proposed and developed, in particular, the service area increased due to the use of a tripod manipulator and two guide actuators, which reduces the time of the technological operation of loading and unloading pallets in warehouse work. Geometrical, structural and kinematic parameters of the loader mechanism are calculated.

Keywords: numerical simulation, loader-stacker, service area, lifting body, manipulator, hinges, chassis, structural analysis, geometric analysis, kinematic analysis, executive drive, pallet

The article gives a brief analysis of thermal processes occurring during the start-up of an electric motor. Mathematical relations modeling the distribution of thermal energy in the thermistor during the process of starting the DC motor are presented. Graphic dependences are presented, which allow to make arrangement of thermoresistors for the starting rheostat and to determine parameters of the starting rheostat obtained in this way. Application of the starting rheostat made on the basis of thermistors, provide an optimal starting of a DC motor.

Keywords: control gears, thermistor, starting rheostat, DC motor, temperature, dynamic characteristic, form of starting current